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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Intergovernmental immunity (Australia) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Intergovernmental immunity (Australia) In Australia, the doctrine of intergovernmental immunity defines the circumstances in which Commonwealth laws can bind the States, and where State laws can bind the Commonwealth. This is distinct from the doctrine of crown immunity, as well as the rule expressed in Section 109 of the Australian Constitution which governs conflicts between Commonwealth and State laws. ==Before and after the ''Engineers' case''== Prior to 1920, the High Court of Australia tended to employ the US jurisprudence governing intergovernmental immunity, expressing it as an implied immunity of instrumentalities, where neither the Commonwealth nor State governments could be affected by the laws of the other. This was first expressed in ''D'Emden v Pedder'', ''Deakin v Webb'' and the ''Railway Servants' case''. As Griffith CJ declared in the first case: However, the doctrine did have limits. In the ''Steel Rails case'', it was held that States were still liable to pay customs duties. The inconsistency within the jurisprudence was not addressed until 1920, where the High Court overturned the ''Railway Servants' case'' and affirmed the ''Steel Rails case'' as a result of its ruling in the ''Engineers' case'', holding that the laws of the Commonwealth and the States have full operation within the subjects upon which they have power to legislate, subject to S. 109 in the event of inconsistency. Commonwealth laws could therefore bind the States and State laws could bind the Commonwealth. However, Isaacs J noted that different considerations may apply in the case of discriminatory laws, as well as in some other matters: The rule was more succinctly expressed in 1930 by Dixon J in ''Australian Railways Union v Victorian Railways Commissioners'', where he stated: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intergovernmental immunity (Australia)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.